Welcome to Auto Repair Guide
Car Repair Estimate Article
. For a permanent link to this article, or to bookmark it for further reading, click here.
You may also listen to this article by using the following controls.
Repairing Your Own Machine Components
from: Thomas Yoon
Many industrial concerns have workshops of their own. For the repair of worn shafts, the lathe machine is excellent. Keyway slots can be machined by using a milling machine, while a shaping machine can do machining of large flat areas. A drilling machine does drilling of holes.
A skilled Maintenance Engineer should know how to use all these machines in order to make his own repairs in a safe manner. Very often he has to supervise machinists. The information below should be useful for that purpose.
Lathe Machine
The lathe machine uses a single-point-cutting tool for a variety of turning, facing, and drilling jobs. Excess metal is removed by rotating the work piece over the fixed cutting tool to form straight or tapered cylindrical shapes, grooves, shoulders and screw threads. It can also be used for facing flat surfaces on the ends of cylindrical parts.
The work piece is clamped onto a horizontal rotating shaft by a 3-jaw or 4-jaw chuck. The latter chuck can be used to cut off-centered cylinders. The rotating horizontal spindle to which the chuck is attached is usually driven at speeds that can be varied.
The cutting tool is fixed onto a tool rest and manipulated by hand. It can also be power driven on straight paths parallel or perpendicular to the work axis. This is useful for screw cutting.
Internal turning known as boring results in the enlargement of an already existing hole. The holes are more accurate in roundness, concentricity, and parallelism than drilled holes. A hole is bored with a single-point-cutting tool that feeds along the inside of the work piece.
Shaping Machine
The shaping machine is used to machine flat surfaces, grooves, shoulders, T-slots, and angular surfaces with single-point tools. The cutting tool on the shaper oscillates, cutting on the forward stroke, with the work piece feeding automatically toward the tool during each return stroke.
Drilling Machine
The drilling machine is used to cut holes in metal with a twist drill. By changing the cutting tool, they can be used to do reaming, boring, counter boring, countersinking, and threading.
Milling Machine
The milling machine uses a rotating cutting tool to cut flat surfaces, grooves, and shoulders, inclined surfaces, dovetails, and T-slots. Cutters of many shapes are changed to cut different grooves.
Cutting Tools
Metal-cutting tools are classified as single point or multiple point. The lathe and shaping machine use single point cutting tool while the milling and drilling machines use multiple-point-cutting tools.
Metal is cut either by moving the work piece like in the lathe or by moving the tool like in the shaping machine, drilling or milling machine. Clearance angles must be provided to prevent the tool surface below the cutting edge from rubbing against the work piece. Rake angles are often provided on cutting tools to cause a wedging action in the formation of chips and to reduce friction and heat.
Tool Materials
In order to remove chips from a work piece, a cutting tool must be harder than the work piece and must maintain a cutting edge at the temperature produced by the friction of the cutting action.
Carbon Steel
Carbon steel tools even though comparatively inexpensive tend to lose cutting ability at temperatures around 400 degree F (205 degree C).
High-Speed Steel
High-speed steel, containing 18 percent tungsten, 4 percent chromium, 1 percent vanadium, and only 0.5 to 0.8 percent carbon, permits the operation of tools twice or three times the speeds allowable with carbon steel
Cast Alloys
Cast-alloy cutting-tool materials containing cobalt, chromium, and tungsten are effective in cutting cast iron and retaining their cutting ability even when red hot.
Cemented Tungsten Carbide
The hardness of Tungsten Carbide approaches that of a diamond. Tungsten carbide tools can be operated at cutting speeds many times higher than those used with high-speed steel.
Oxides
Ceramic, or oxide, tool tips consist primarily of fine aluminum oxide grains, which are bonded together. These are very hard.
Cutting fluids
An overheated tool can become blunt and soft very fast. Therefore very often, cooling fluids cools the cutting points of the tool. This serves to lubricate and cool.
Water is an excellent cooling medium, but it corrodes ferrous materials. Sulfurized mineral oil is one of the most popular coolants as it can both cool as well as lubricate. The sulfur prevents chips from the work from melting on to the tip of the tool.
About the author:
Many years of working experience in Marine, Facilities, Construction has given the author material for writing e-books and articles related to engineering, and management. Subscribe to facworld ezine at mailto:facworld-subscribe@yahoogroups.com More information at http://www.free-marine.comand http://www.free-engineering.com
Please click here for more industrial technology related articles.
Car Repair Estimate News
Top 10 most expensive mistakes in car repair - Christian Science Monitor
 Christian Science Monitor | Top 10 most expensive mistakes in car repair Christian Science Monitor Better built cars and an uncertain economy mean that Americans are holding onto their cars for longer than ever and are doing more of their own repairs. Nearly half of those who already do their own auto repairs say they are doing more of them ... |
Auto Repair Loans to Help Low-Income Residents - LoanSafe
Auto Repair Loans to Help Low-Income Residents LoanSafe The Greene County Transit Board, Greene CATS, is planning to launch a program this summer that would give poor individuals and families micro-loans to repair their cars and trucks. The low-income vehicle repair loan program is the first in the region, ... |
Suit claims Colorado car-fee hike for bridge repairs violates TABOR - Denver Post
Suit claims Colorado car-fee hike for bridge repairs violates TABOR Denver Post By Tim Hoover A 2009 law that raised vehicle-registration fees to fund road improvements imposes unconstitutional taxes to pay for bridge repairs, a lawsuit filed Monday alleges. The suit, brought in Denver District Court by the right-leaning Mountain ... |
SE students from Easton, Norton place in auto skill competition - Taunton Daily Gazette
SE students from Easton, Norton place in auto skill competition Taunton Daily Gazette Southeastern Regional students Peter Huckins, left, of Norton and Jon Richardson from Easton placed second in a car repair competition sponsored by AAA and Ford. By Anonymous Two Southeastern Regional Vocational Technical High School students placed ... |
Right to Repair Act Passes Massachusetts Senate - MarketWatch (press release)
 Attleboro Sun Chronicle | Right to Repair Act Passes Massachusetts Senate MarketWatch (press release) Just over a month after consumers and neighborhood repairers packed a Massachusetts State House hearing room to urge passage of Right to Repair legislation, the state's Senate strongly approved the measure with added safeguards to protect both new car ... Mass. Senate passes auto 'right-to-repair' bill State Senate passes 'Right to Repair' but bill continues to stir controversy Massachusetts Senate passes Right-to-Repair bill with eye toward avoiding ... |
Leading Auto Repair and Service Facility in Boulder Colorado Switched to ... - San Francisco Chronicle (press release)
Leading Auto Repair and Service Facility in Boulder Colorado Switched to ... San Francisco Chronicle (press release) With the increasing importance of on-line reviews they wanted to ensure that reviews and testimonials on Google and the auto repair shop's own website could be easily found in internet searches and also to maintain and improve their high organic ... |
Repair cost nightmare hits otherwise reliable used car - Boston Herald
Repair cost nightmare hits otherwise reliable used car Boston Herald We had the car towed to the repair shop that we have used previously, and they diagnosed the problem as a burned-out alternator and PCM. The mechanic told us that the problem was caused because when the timing belt was replaced, the alternator was left ... |